Colorectal cancer, one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, affects the colon or rectum, parts of the large intestine. It is a serious disease, but with early detection and proper treatment, the chances of successful management and survival are significantly improved. Dr. Diptangshu Das, a distinguished general and laparoscopic surgeon and laser proctologist in Kolkata, provides expert insights into colorectal cancer and its causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
What is Colorectal Cancer?
Colorectal cancer begins as a small growth called a polyp on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. While most polyps are benign, some can develop into cancer over time. When detected early, colorectal cancer is often curable, making regular screenings crucial for individuals, especially those over 50 or with a family history of the disease.
Causes and Risk Factors
Several factors can increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer, including:
- Age: Most cases are diagnosed in people over the age of 50.
- Family History: A family history of colorectal cancer or polyps increases the risk.
- Diet: Diets high in red and processed meats and low in fruits, vegetables, and fiber are linked to a higher risk.
- Lifestyle Factors: Lack of physical activity, obesity, smoking, and heavy alcohol use can contribute to the development of colorectal cancer.
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Conditions like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis can increase the risk.
Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer
The symptoms of colorectal cancer can vary and often do not appear until the disease is advanced. However, some common symptoms include:
- Changes in Bowel Habits: Persistent diarrhea, constipation, or changes in stool consistency.
- Rectal Bleeding: Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding.
- Abdominal Discomfort: Cramping, gas, or pain in the abdomen.
- Unexplained Weight Loss: Sudden and unexplained weight loss.
- Fatigue: Persistent tiredness or weakness.
If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for evaluation.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer significantly improves treatment outcomes. The following methods are commonly used for diagnosis:
- Colonoscopy: A procedure that allows the doctor to view the entire colon and remove polyps for biopsy.
- Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT): A test to detect hidden blood in the stool, which may be an early sign of cancer.
- CT Colonography: Also known as a virtual colonoscopy, this imaging test provides detailed pictures of the colon.
Treatment Options
Treatment for colorectal cancer depends on the stage of the cancer and the overall health of the patient. Dr. Diptangshu Das, with his expertise in general and laparoscopic surgery, offers the following treatment options:
- Surgery: The primary treatment for localized colorectal cancer. Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive option that allows for quicker recovery and less postoperative pain.
- Chemotherapy: Used to destroy cancer cells that have spread beyond the colon or rectum.
- Radiation Therapy: Often used in conjunction with surgery for rectal cancer to shrink tumors before surgery or to destroy remaining cancer cells.
- Targeted Therapy: Medications that target specific cancer cells without affecting normal cells.
Conclusion
Colorectal cancer is a serious but treatable disease, especially when caught early. Dr. Diptangshu Das, a leading general and laparoscopic surgeon in Kolkata, emphasizes the importance of regular screenings and a healthy lifestyle to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. If you or a loved one are experiencing symptoms or have risk factors for colorectal cancer, seek medical advice promptly to ensure the best possible outcome.
Regular check-ups and awareness can make a significant difference in the fight against colorectal cancer.